{"id":1362,"date":"2024-08-29T10:17:01","date_gmt":"2024-08-29T10:17:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/184.67.61.118\/~realrawfoodadmin\/?product=probiotic-smidge"},"modified":"2026-07-09T15:28:19","modified_gmt":"2026-07-09T22:28:19","slug":"probiotic-smidge","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/www.realrawfood.com\/product\/probiotic-smidge\/","title":{"rendered":"Probiotic-Smidge"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Smidge\u00ae Sensitive Probiotic (<strong>formerly GutPro\u00ae<\/strong>)<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>*<\/strong><\/em>(<strong>20g powder<\/strong> now comes with measuring spoon)<\/p>\n<p>With this carefully formulated custom probiotic, you can help your most sensitive clients restore their gut ecology.<\/p>\n<p>As many practitioners like you have discovered, some probiotic formulas can trigger reactions. But Smidge\u00ae Sensitive Probiotic is a game changer \u2013 as it\u2019s created for the \u201cthe sensitive of the sensitive\u201d and the \u201ccanary in the coal mine.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Certain strains found in other commercial probiotic formulas that can cause acidosis, histamine and other adverse reactions are not present in Smidge\u00ae. This unparalleled, hypoallergenic formula can help \u201ckick start\u201d the digestive system, maximize the absorption of nutrients from a real food diet, and ultimately, support the entire immune system.*<\/p>\n<p>Smidge\u00ae Sensitive Probiotic<\/p>\n<p>A potent, condensed and pure probiotic with just the right blend of bacteria\u2026<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Contains eight clinically-proven strains of human probiotics (L. plantarum, L. gasseri, L. salivarius, B. bifidum, B. breve, B. infantis, B. longum, B. lactis).<\/li>\n<li>Gives you 25+ billion CFUs per 1\/32 teaspoon (a \u201csmidgen\u201d on our spoon set).<\/li>\n<li>Is appropriate for people using diets including GAPS, SIBO, Body Ecology, Autism\/PDD-NOS, PANDA\/PANS, Paleo, AIP, Ketogenic, gluten-free, soy-free and casein-free (Please note: While GutPro\u00ae was designed based on feedback from these specific communities, we do not imply that it\u2019s intended to treat a specific medical condition, nor do we imply it\u2019s \u201ccompliant\u201d with a specific diet).<\/li>\n<li>Contains only histamine-neutral or histamine-degrading strains of probiotic bacteria.<\/li>\n<li>Does not contain strains known to contribute to d-lactate acidosis.<\/li>\n<li>Does not contain streptococcus thermophilus or other strains linked to irritation.<\/li>\n<li>Does not contain any spore-forming strains of probiotics (e.g. soil bacteria).<\/li>\n<li>Is free of inulin, maltodextrin and other prebiotics.<\/li>\n<li>Is free of excipients and other added ingredients, i.e. magnesium stearate, silica, titanium dioxide.<\/li>\n<li>Is free of common allergens. All strains are grown on a dairy-free, soy-free, vegetarian, non-GMO culture. Does not contain milk\/casein, eggs, fish, shellfish, wheat\/gluten, peanuts, tree nuts, yeast, corn or soy.<\/li>\n<li>Is easy to calibrate the right dose for your needs. A little goes a long way. Many of our customers only take 1\/64\u00a0 of a teaspoon daily (the \u201cdrop\u201d on our spoon set)!<\/li>\n<li>In other words, we intentionally avoided the strains your body is not ready to assimilate when you&#8217;re out of balance. We picked the strains that work for you, not against you. We thought about you, every step of the way!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Dosage: Powder<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Always start with a smidge! Use one Smidge\u00ae spoonful (20 mg). Take once a day, with food, or as directed by a certified healthcare practitioner. (See &#8220;low and slow&#8221; note below.)<\/p>\n<p>*Product comes with a dosage spoon.<\/p>\n<p>Start low and slow:\u00a0Our supplements are premium, pure and potent. Therefore, it&#8217;s critically important to start slowly, with a lower dosage than recommended. For example, a minimal dose every other day, or even once a week, until you can determine how the supplement affects your body and what feels right for you.<\/p>\n<p>How to take:\u00a0Use your dosage spoon to accurately measure your desired dose of probiotic powder. Sprinkle on lukewarm or cold food, mix it in a smoothie or take it with an organic fat, like butter, ghee, emu oil or coconut oil. See dosage instructions above for more info.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dosage: Capsules<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Adults:\u00a0Always start with a smidge! Start with one capsule daily with food. Then take two capsules together, or as directed by a certified healthcare practitioner. (See &#8220;low and slow&#8221; note below).<\/p>\n<p>Children:\u00a0Take one capsule daily with food.<\/p>\n<p>For sensitive adults and children:\u00a0A smaller dose may be obtained by pulling apart the capsule and taking a portion of the contents.<\/p>\n<p>Start low and slow:\u00a0Our supplements are premium, pure and potent. Therefore, it&#8217;s critically important to start slowly, with a lower dosage than recommended. For example, a minimal dose every other day, or even once a week, until you can determine how the supplement affects your body and what feels right for you.<\/p>\n<p>How to take:\u00a0For best absorption, we recommend taking your probiotic with a meal or a spoonful of organic fat, like butter, ghee, emu oil or coconut oil.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Great value for your money<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Many people see the $125 price tag of the Smidge\u00ae Sensitive Probiotic and question the cost. But please keep in mind, because Smidge\u00ae is ultra premium, ultra clean and therefore, ultra concentrated, you only need a teeny, tiny amount per serving; and the bottle will last you a long time \u2014 roughly eight to 12 months, depending on dosage. When you consider the quality ingredients we use in our special formula as well as the dosing mentioned above, you will find that Smidge\u00ae is actually super cost-effective:\u00a0At the standard dose, a one-month supply costs under $10. This is less than most store-bought probiotics and less than half the price of the mass produced &#8220;premium&#8221; brands.<\/p>\n<p><strong>N<\/strong>atural health practitioners are beginning to understand how important gut ecology is for health. The research on the microbiome is astounding \u2013 and we\u2019re just seeing the tip of the iceberg.<\/p>\n<p>One thing we\u2019re learning about probiotics is that not all strains are beneficial for everyone. People struggling with particular sensitivities can find that some probiotics bring more bad than good. <strong>Over the years, we\u2019ve gathered feedback from practitioners, parents and people who are using a diet designed for GAPS, SIBO, Body Ecology, Autism\/PDD-NOS, PANDA\/PANS, Paleo, AIP, Ketogenic, gluten-free, soy-free or casein-free.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Based on what we\u2019ve learned from these different groups, <strong>we developed a unique probiotic formula.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>If you\u2019re a practitioner looking for a probiotic that you can confidently recommend to clients who are working within these parameters, GutPro\u00ae Probiotic Powder is for you, as it <strong>avoids what we like to call probiotic \u201clandmines\u201d.*<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Smidge\u00ae Sensitive Probiotic:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gives you the diverse benefits of a synergistic blend of eight proven strains.<\/li>\n<li>Avoids\u00a0the strains that can sometimes cause problems.<\/li>\n<li>Gives you just probiotics \u2013 nothing more. No prebiotics or fillers. No allergens. No hidden ingredients that can undermine the good you\u2019re trying to achieve with a probiotic.<\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>We\u2019ve had customers who have tried a dozen \u2013 sometimes as many as 20 \u2013 different probiotic formulas. And after years of frustration and despair, they\u2019ve told us that <strong>Smidge\u00ae was the one that <\/strong>finally <strong>worked for them.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Here\u2019s why . . .<\/p>\n<p>Does not contain strains known to contribute to d-lactate acidosis<\/p>\n<p>Lactobacillus acidophilus can work wonders in the gut by producing lactic acid. But for some of us, this can become a problem.<\/p>\n<p>Lactate is a derivative of the lactic acid this strain produces. It comes in two isomeric forms, d-lactate and l-lactate.\u00a0 Most of us have the capacity to metabolize both forms to some extent and turn it into pyruvic acid.<\/p>\n<p>But for various reasons, some people can\u2019t metabolize d-lactate effectively enough to keep up with the d-lactate produced by gut bacteria. As a result, the d-lactate can build up in your body and cause d-lactate acidosis.<\/p>\n<p>If this has been an issue for you, you\u2019ll love Smidge\u00ae Probiotic Powder. <strong>We\u2019ve kept any probiotic strains associated with d-lactate acidosis out of our Smidge\u00ae formula.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Yes, we do include strains like Lactobacillus plantarum which can produce d-lactate under certain conditions. But here\u2019s the thing . . .<\/p>\n<p>This strain primarily produces l-lactate.\u00a0 L. plantarum only produce d-lactate under certain conditions. Better yet, L. plantarum may even help with acidosis by helping the body maintain a lactate equilibrium. And unlike L. acidophilus, L. plantarum is transient. It doesn\u2019t take up residence in your gut and shift the ecosystem that dramatically.<\/p>\n<p>Because of the powerful health benefits associated with this strains, we decided to keep it in the formula. Based on our research and years of customer satisfaction, we\u2019re confident it does not contribute to d-lactate acidosis.<\/p>\n<p>Smidge\u00ae Powder can keep your body\u2019s d-lactate in balance. But that\u2019s not the only way this formula is designed for your clients\u2026<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>No probiotics linked to histamine production<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Many people have trouble with probiotics linked to histamine production like L. casei. Histamines are chemicals produced by the immune system that can trigger an immune response.<\/p>\n<p>So we\u2019ve made sure that the strains included in this formula are either histamine-neutral or histamine-degrading.<\/p>\n<p>That means you won\u2019t have to worry about increasing your exposure to histamines when you take this probiotic formula.<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s not the only irritant we\u2019ve kept out of this formula\u2026<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>No spore-producing bacteria or streptococcus thermophilus<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>For people concerned about spore-producing Bacillus bacteria or Streptococcus thermophilus (e.g. soil strains), we\u2019ve made sure to keep these strains out as well.<\/p>\n<p>While the research is still ongoing about the impact these strains have on our systems, we believe that quite often, where there\u2019s smoke, there\u2019s fire. We decided to play it safe and keep this formula simple and easy on the most sensitive bodies.<\/p>\n<p>Of course, it\u2019s not just the probiotic strains you need to worry about.\u00a0 Most probiotics supplements are only 10% to 20% probiotics and 80% to 90% something else.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Smidge\u2019s custom probiotic powder is just probiotics \u2013 Nothing else!<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>There are no excipients or fillers like silica or magnesium stearate.<\/li>\n<li>Nor are there any prebiotics like inulin or FOS.<\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>And, to make sure that this formula works for everyone \u2013 it\u2019s free of common allergens! Every strain we use is grown on a dairy-free, soy-free, non-GMO vegetarian culture.<\/p>\n<p>It does not contain milk\/casein, eggs, fish, shellfish, wheat\/gluten, peanuts, tree nuts, yeast, corn or soy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>8 clinically-proven, beneficial strains<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Smidge\u00ae Sensitive Probiotic gives you a super team of eight clinically-proven probiotic bacteria* . . .<\/p>\n<p>Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus salivarius, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium lactis.<\/p>\n<p>While we believe that no single strain in particular is the magic bullet for specific ailments and conditions \u2013 as strains should work together as they do in a healthy digestive system and the idea is to heal the overall gut first \u2013 the research on these eight strains is extensive\u2026 the potential health benefits enormous.*<\/p>\n<p><strong>All of these probiotic strains seem to play a role when it comes to comfortable, healthy digestion.*\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>For example . . .<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>No less than four clinical trials have shown that L. plantarum helps support comfortable digestion \u2013 helping to minimize gas, bloating, and abdominal pain.*<\/li>\n<li>One of the first bacteria to colonize our bodies at birth, B. longum has been associated with helping to digest milk and other challenging foods. *<\/li>\n<li>Bifidobacterium breve has been shown in a few clinical trials involving pre-term babies that this special bacteria works especially well in helping to establish a healthy colony of bacteria in the gut. *<\/li>\n<li>Bifidobacterium lactis shows exciting promise in lab research to interfere with the body\u2019s reaction to certain toxins from wheat.*<\/li>\n<li>And a recent randomized placebo-controlled study also showed that B. bifidum can help with stress-related diarrhea.*<\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>These probiotics keep your immune system strong:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A 2015 clinical study published in the British Journal of Nutrition showed B. bifidum helped\u00a0 academically stressed college students make it through the winter semester. The students who took B. bifidum had much fewer absences than the students who didn\u2019t take the probiotic. *<\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>They regulate your immune system for a balanced immune response:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>One of the most common probiotics, L. plantarum, seems to help regulate your immune response, reducing inflammation in the body.* Not only does L. plantarum stimulate the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-10, it also seems to stimulate the production of regulatory T-cells.*<\/li>\n<li>Several clinical trials on both adults and children indicate that l. salivarius seems to help regulate the immune system and \u2013 as a result- support healthy skin.*<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>They keep inflammation in check:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Clinical research published in May, 2016 Journal of Rheumatic Diseases suggests that\u00a0 B. bifidum can help you maintain comfortable joint movement by helping your body manage inflammation.*<\/li>\n<li>Preliminary research on mice indicates that L. gasseri may inhibit inflammation signaling at the genetic level!*<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Some help keep your mood buoyant and your brain sharp:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Preliminary studies indicate that L. plantarum may help you strengthen your memory, concentration and improve your mood.*<\/li>\n<li>And research suggests B. infantis regulates the production of tryptophan which is the precursor for serotonin.* Serotonin is the neurotransmitter associated with a sense of satisfaction and happiness.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>They may even help keep your teeth healthy and strong:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L. salivarius seems to help keep the microbial population in your mouth healthy.*<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Help your clients feel great with Smidge\u00ae Sensitive Probiotic and a real foods diet.<\/p>\n<p>As you well know from your practice, probiotics can\u2019t work in a vacuum. They only amplify the healthy changes you\u2019re helping your clients make to their diet and lifestyle. A junk food diet can\u2019t be overcome with even the best probiotic formulation.<\/p>\n<p>But when people invest time and energy into making healthy changes in their lives, this careful probiotic formulation helps them make the most of it.<\/p>\n<p>By including this formula in the regimen, you can help your clients see the full benefits of making these changes. And you\u2019ll never have to worry about undermining all this hard work with the wrong probiotic strains.<\/p>\n<p>Finally, because it\u2019s a concentrated mix of pure probiotics, a little goes a long way. Many of our customers take only 1\/64 of a teaspoon each day (the \u201cdrop\u201d on our spoon set).\u00a0 You can work with your clients to calibrate it exactly to what they need.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What to expect when starting Smidge\u00ae Sensitive Probiotic<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Smidge\u00ae Sensitive Probiotic is designed for comfort. We\u2019ve eliminated the potential problems associated with other probiotic formulas.<\/p>\n<p>Nonetheless, some people still experience a little discomfort in the initial weeks of starting with Smidge\u00ae. Like with all probiotics, as you rebalance your internal ecosystem, some of the bacteria that are pushed out may not leave gracefully.<\/p>\n<p>As these unwanted bacteria \u201cdie off,\u201d they can cause mild dizziness, nausea or headaches. This is a typical response to starting with probiotics.<\/p>\n<p>While this kind of discomfort is normal, it shouldn\u2019t be experienced over the long term. Within a few weeks, once a healthy microbial community is established and the body has cleaned out much of the toxins, these discomforts should end.<\/p>\n<p>If this initial discomfort is too much, we suggest you advise your clients to decrease the amount of powder taken. And then slowly increase the amount. Some of our customers start with a tiny bit, or \u215b of the \u201cdrop\u201d on our spoon set (the \u201cdrop\u201d is 1\/64 of a teaspoon)! Even at this small amount, your clients will receive billions of well balanced CFUs.<\/p>\n<p>Be assured that with Smidge\u00ae, we\u2019ve removed the strains and other ingredients that can cause long-term problems.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Storage<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Please keep the probiotics refrigerated and always capped for long-term storage. Do not remove the moisture packet inside the bottle.\u00a0 Make sure the spoons are very clean and dry before using them with the powder for best results.<\/p>\n<p>The freeze dried organisms have undergone independent laboratory analysis for verification of stated potency (in both it\u2019s raw and finished form).\u00a0 The probiotic was tested in a variety of conditions and temperatures and is both highly stable and potent in the time it takes to reach it\u2019s destination and for two years from the date of it\u2019s production.<\/p>\n<p>As an extra measure, we routinely include a higher number of CFU\u2019s (organisms) in each bottle than is stated on the label to account for any potential and minimal degradation that might occur during shipping delays in extreme heat.<\/p>\n<p>Note: Freeze-dried organisms behave very differently than &#8220;live cultures&#8221; and are in a state of suspended animation.\u00a0 This means the organisms are very stable and inactive until they come in contact with moisture.\u00a0 Live cultures would perish quickly during shipping, freeze-dried bacteria do not.<\/p>\n<p>The probiotic powders are sealed in a non-permeable amber glass bottle to protect the organisms against moisture during shipping and for extended use and storage.\u00a0 During our regular 2 day expedited shipping, the product has shown no decline in activity even after the product arrived warm and sometimes, even hot.<\/p>\n<p>What to do with the product once it arrives?\u00a0 Simply store the bottle in the refrigerator.. Once the bottle has been opened, do not remove the moisture pillow inside in the bottle as this will help to protect the strains from moisture &#8211; which can compromise the probiotic.<\/p>\n<p>Do be mindful to replace the cap and return the product to the refrigerator after each dose. \u00a0 The probiotic can remain at full potency for up to two weeks in room temperature, unrefrigerated, but should be kept cold and dry for long term storage and to ensure full potency throughout it&#8217;s use.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Here\u2019s what one of our many happy customers has to say:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Best Probiotics<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201cI have tried more than a few brands and I always come back to Smidge\u00ae. The best analogy I can think of is that it&#8217;s like comparing $400 shoes to $10 shoes. There is just a world of difference in comfort and quality. With a child with many food intolerances and allergies and another with PDD-NOS, it really helps me that this has no fillers and everyone in the family can take it together.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Valerie K.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Last but not least, according to the practitioners<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201cAs a practitioner I have tried many probiotic supplements with my clients over the years but was always concerned about additives and fillers as well as the streptococcus and acidophilus strains which never seemed to agree with my more sensitive ASD\/GAPS clients. So imagine my delight when I first came across Smidge\u00ae and my wish had come true \u2013 clean, pure, d-lactate free, no unnecessary strains, no fillers and a concentrated formula which can be used by the whole family and is the most cost effective probiotic I\u2019ve been able to find. Many happy clients later I can highly recommend it!<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Kitsa Yanniotis<\/p>\n<p>Certified GAPS Practitioner, Certified Body Ecologist, Creator Kitsa\u2019s Kitchen<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe use Smidge\u00ae as our multi-strain probiotic of choice for the majority of our clients. With extensive clinical evidence we\u2019ve found it to be gentle upon entry for building the beneficial flora in the gut as well as conducive to therapeutic titration. \u00a0Bottom line is it works! Even for those with the most sensitive or compromised systems. \u00a0And personally, it\u2019s my favorite probiotic to support both my own and my family\u2019s health.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Andrea Nakayama<\/p>\n<p>Functional Nutritionist, Replenish PDX<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSmidge\u00ae is changing the lives of each and every one of my clients daily. Not all probiotics are the same, quality really matters here. I have researched and used almost every available probiotic with little to no progressive results, until I discovered GutPro\u00ae. Taking even one antibiotic can greatly shrink your healthy, beneficial immune system fighting bacteria and give the pathogenic bacteria a chance to proliferate and create a whole host of imbalances. Since using GutPro\u00ae I am seeing cases where deep cellular viral, bacterial, allergies, sensitivities, mood and behavior concerns greatly improving and in many cases, resulting in full correction of the imbalance.<\/p>\n<p>As a Naturopath, I use Smidge\u00ae myself and have seen amazing health improvements. I would not have the thriving wellness practice I have today without using Smidge\u00ae to help facilitate my clients in their healing, rebuilding and repairing process. Thank you Smidge\u00ae for creating such a clean, bio available essential healing tool!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Melissa Malinowski<\/p>\n<p>Naturopath, Nutritional Consultant<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Smidge\u00ae Sensitive Probiotic (formerly GutPro\u00ae) *(20g powder now comes with measuring spoon) With this carefully formulated custom probiotic, you can help your most sensitive clients restore their gut ecology. As many practitioners like you have discovered, some probiotic formulas can trigger reactions. But Smidge\u00ae Sensitive Probiotic is a game changer \u2013 as it\u2019s created for [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":1363,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[69],"product_tag":[],"class_list":["post-1362","product","type-product","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","product_cat-supplements","first","instock","taxable","shipping-taxable","purchasable","product-type-variable","has-default-attributes"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.realrawfood.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/1362","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.realrawfood.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.realrawfood.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.realrawfood.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1362"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.realrawfood.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1363"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.realrawfood.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1362"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.realrawfood.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_brand?post=1362"},{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.realrawfood.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=1362"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.realrawfood.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=1362"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}